Project reference materials

  • Books

    A History of the Education of Negroes in North Carolina, Hugh Victor Brown

    African Americans in Winston-Salem and Forsyth County: A Pictorial History, Lenwood G. Davis, William J. Rice, James H. McLaughlin

    African American Firsts: Winston-Salem/Forsyth County North Carolina, Chenita B. Johnson

    African American Hospitals in North Carolina: 39 Institutional Histories, 1880-1967, Phoebe Ann Pollitt

    America’s Historically Black Colleges & Universities: A Narrative History, 1837–2009, Bobby L. Lovett

    Black Bourgeoisie, E. Franklin Frazier

    Black Americans in North Carolina and the South, Jeffrey J. Crow and Flora J. Hatley, editors

    Civil Rights Unionism: Tobacco Workers and the Struggle for Democracy in the Mid-Twentieth-Century South, Robert R. Korstad

    Dirty Little Secrets About Black History: Its Heroes & Other Troublemakers, Claud Anderson

    Five North Carolina Negro Educators, N.C. Newbold

    From Slavery to Freedom, John Hope Franklin

    Greater than Equal: African American Struggles for Schools and Citizenship in North Carolina, 1919-1965, Sarah Caroline Thuesen

    History of the American Teachers Association, Thelma D. Perry

    Hope and Dignity: Older Black Women of the South, Emily Herring Wilson and Susan Mullally

    Hope and History: Why We Must Share the Story of the Movement, Vincent Harding

    Jim Crow’s Pink Slip, Leslie T. Fenwick

    Lay Bare the Heart: An Autobiography of the Civil Rights Movement, James Farmer 

    Law and Society in the South: A History of North Carolina Court Cases, John W. Wertheimer

    Our History Has Always Been Contraband: In Defense of Black Studies, Edited by Colin Kaepernick, Robin D. G. Kelley, and Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor

    Profiles of Negro Womanhood, Sylvia G. L Dannett

    Remembering Medgar Evers: Writing the Long Civil Rights Movement, Minrose Gwin

    The Education of Blacks in the South, 1860-1935, James D. Anderson

    The Life of Madie Hall Xuma, Wanda A. Hendricks

    The Power to Heal: Civil Rights, Medicare, and the Struggle to Transform America's Health Care System, David Burton Smith

    The Rage of a Privileged Class, Ellis Cose

    They Call Me Big House, Clarence E. Gaines

    Threatening Property: Race, Class, and Campaigns to Legislate Jim Crow Neighborhoods, Elizabeth A. Herbin-Triant

    Wake Up America: Black Women on the Future of Democracy, Keisha N Blain

    Walking in Light, Living in Love, Dothula Baron

    William Samuel Scales: African American in a Segregated Town, Linda Scales Dark

    Winston-Salem's African American Legacy, Cheryl Streeter Harry

    Winston-Salem Memories II: A Pictorial History of the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s, Winston-Salem Journal

    Winston-Salem State University, Carter B. Cue and Lenwood G. Davis

  • Interviews

    Corrine Chappell Gibson in conversation with Michael S. Williams, July 2024, Hawthorne Inn and Conference Center.

    Jacqueline Noble Howell in conversation with Michael S. Williams, July 2024, Hawthorne Inn and Conference Center.

    Gloria H. Millner in conversation with Michael S. Williams, July 2024, Hawthorne Inn and Conference Center.

    Ann Shirley Moore in conversation with Michael S. Williams, July 2024, Hawthorne Inn and Conference Center.

    Gladys E. Murray in conversation with Michael S. Williams, July 2024, Hawthorne Inn and Conference Center.

    Betty Craig Dial in conversation with Michael S. Williams, August 2024, Zoom.

    Dorothy Sizemore Lipscomb in conversation with Michael S. Williams, August 2024, Zoom.

    Marie Howard in conversation with Michael S. Williams, August 2024, Zoom.

    Dr. Betty Acey Alexander in conversation with Michael S. Williams, October 2024, Malloy/Jordan East Winston Heritage Center.

    Jacqueline Noble Howell in conversation with Michael S. Williams, October 2024, Malloy/Jordan East Winston Heritage Center.

    Hilda Bullock Jolly in conversation with Michael S. Williams, October 2024, Malloy/Jordan East Winston Heritage Center.

    Phyllis Little  in conversation with Michael S. Williams, October 2024, Malloy/Jordan East Winston Heritage Center.

    Gloria H. Millner in conversation with Michael S. Williams, October 2024, Malloy/Jordan East Winston Heritage Center.

    Joyce Williams Paul in conversation with Michael S. Williams, October 2024, Malloy/Jordan East Winston Heritage Center.

    Arthur Dark in conversation with Michael S. Williams, November 2024, Winston-Salem African American Archive at MUSE Winston-Salem.

    Wayne Ledbetter in conversation with Michael S. Williams, November 2024, Winston-Salem African American Archive at MUSE Winston-Salem.

    Norman Williams in conversation with Michael S. Williams, November 2024, Winston-Salem African American Archive at MUSE Winston-Salem.

    Dothula Baron in conversation with Michael S. Williams, December 2024, Winston-Salem African American Archive at MUSE Winston-Salem.

    Linda Scales Dark in conversation with Michael S. Williams, December 2024, Winston-Salem African American Archive at MUSE Winston-Salem.

    Brenda Sloan in conversation with Michael S. Williams, December 2024, Winston-Salem African American Archive at MUSE Winston-Salem.

    Dr. Betty Acey Alexander in conversation with Michael S. Williams, March 2025, Malloy/Jordan East Winston Heritage Center.

    Jacqueline Noble Howell in conversation with Michael S. Williams, March 2025, Malloy/Jordan East Winston Heritage Center.

    Hilda Bullock Jolly in conversation with Michael S. Williams, March 2025, Malloy/Jordan East Winston Heritage Center.

    Phyllis Little  in conversation with Michael S. Williams, March 2025, Malloy/Jordan East Winston Heritage Center.

    Gloria H.Millner in conversation with Michael S. Williams, March 2025, Malloy/Jordan East Winston Heritage Center.

    Joyce Williams Paul in conversation with Michael S. Williams, March 2025, Malloy/Jordan East Winston Heritage Center.

    Dothula Baron in conversation with Michael S. Williams, April 2025, Malloy/Jordan East Winston Heritage Center.

    Arthur Dark in conversation with Michael S. Williams, April 2025, Malloy/Jordan East Winston Heritage Center.

    James E. Gist in conversation with Michael S. Williams, April 2025, Malloy/Jordan East Winston Heritage Center.

    Elwillie B. Jarrett in conversation with Michael S. Williams, April 2025, Malloy/Jordan East Winston Heritage Center.

    Wayne Ledbetter in conversation with Michael S. Williams, April 2025, Malloy/Jordan East Winston Heritage Center.

    Norman Williams in conversation with Michael S. Williams, April 2025, Malloy/Jordan East Winston Heritage Center.

  • Journals

    Grimes, Jr. William, T. "The History of Kate Bitting Reynolds Memorial Hospital." Journal of the National Medical Association, vol. 64 No. 4, 1972 pp. 376-381. 

    Paletz, David, L. and Robert Dunn. "Press Coverage of Civil Disorders: A Case Study of Winston-Salem." The Public Opinion Quarterly, vol. 33, no. 3, 1969, pp. 328-345.

    Prichard, Dr. Robert, W. "Winston-Salem's Black Hospitals Prior to 1930." Journal of the National Medical Association, vol. 68, No. 3, 1976 pp. 246-249.

  • Magazines

    "Dixie Bus Company At A Crossroads," Ebony Magazine, December 1965, pp. 70-74

    Du Bois, W.E.B. "The Negro Common School in North Carolina," The Crisis, May 1927, pp. 78-80, 96-97

  • Newspapers

    "To The Colored People," The Journal, Tue, November 1, 1898

    "Teachers' College And It's Part In Negro Education," Twin City Sentinel, May 4, 1935

    "Reynolds Resumes Work as Strikers Begin Returning," Winston-Salem Journal, June 23, 1943

    Negro Citizens of Winston-Salem advertisement. Winston-Salem Journal and Sentinel, Nov 14, 1943, p 28.

    United Tobacco Workers, Local 22 advertisement. Winston-Salem Journal and Sentinel, Aug 18, 1946, p 3.

    "R.J. Reynolds Strike Is Called Most Important Southern Fight," Winston-Salem Journal, May 5, 1947

    "Negro Medical Care Problem Can Be Solved," Journal and Sentinel, February 16, 1958

    "Sit-Down Strike Spreads To Twin City and Durham," Winston-Salem Journal, February 9, 1960

    "The Lunch Counters," Winston-Salem Journal, Friday, May 27, 1960

    "City Receives All-America Award," Winston-Salem Journal, February 26, 1960

    "Safe Bus Co. Accepts Challenge of Serving White Areas," Twin City Sentinel, May 28, 1969

    "Winston-Salem Brickmaker To Take Skills Overseas," Journal and Sentinel, January 24, 1971

    "The Shame That Winston Tucked Away," The Sentinel, January 24, 1980

    "It Ain't No Time for Makin' Bricks Now ... I've Got Bricks Scattered All Over the World," The Sentinel, October 10, 1980

    "Former 'Katie B.' hospital staffers get together for first reunion," Winston-Salem Chronicle, July 26, 1984

    "Safe Bus Company: City Transit Authority to Remember Its Roots in a Unique Black Enterprise," Winston-Salem Journal, May 3, 1986

    "Memories will abound at 'Katie B.' reunion," Winston-Salem Chronicle, July 23, 1987

    "Old Katie B. Hospital staff reviews its impact," Winston-Salem Chronicle, August 2, 1990

    "Black businesses: The way we were in East Winston," Winston-Salem Chronicle, March 7, 1991

    "One Man's Protest," Winston-Salem Journal, February 23, 1992

    "S.G. Atkins: Ahead of his time," Winston-Salem Chronicle, September 24, 1992

    "Hospitals, health centers and history," Winston-Salem Journal, April 27, 1997

    "Building Blocks," Winston-Salem Journal, July, 11, 1997

    "Justice: Simple act of defiance shifts history," Winston-Salem Journal, June 17, 2001

    "A Place of Honor: Monument to George Henry Black, famed brickmaker, is unveiled at Forsyth center," Winston-Salem Journal, December 5, 2003

    "A Belated Tribute: Library will get a new name in honor of doctors who gave land," Winston-Salem Journal, January 5, 2004

    "Strike: When workers broke Camel City," Greensboro News & Record, March 1, 2009

    "Four trailblazing doctors whose legacy of service lives on," Winston-Salem Chronicle, February 27, 2015

    "Sit-in activist Matthews dies at 84," Winston-Salem Journal, February 28, 2016

    "'He was the faithful one,'" Winston-Salem Journal, March 1, 2016

  • Other

    Lunch-Counter Desegregation in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, Clarence H. Patrick, July, 1960, Z. Smith Reynolds Library Special Collections and Archives, Wake Forest University

    Making History: February 23, 1960, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, G. McLeod Bryan, February, 2000, Z. Smith Reynolds Library Special Collections and Archives, Wake Forest University

    The Safe Bus Company of Winston-Salem, North Carolina: 1926-1972, Charles Weldon Wadelington, Minority Interpretations Specialist, North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources Historic Sites Section, August, 1999

  • Websites

    "Present Absence." Center for Design Innovation, 2021, cdiwsnc.org/project/presentabsence/. Accessed 3 April 2024.

    "Remembering St. Philip A look at the all-black, all female school of nursing and its role in VCU's history." Virginia Commonwealth University, 2019, vcu.exposure.co/remembering-st-philip. Accessed 3 April 2024.

    "Residents point to significant local black history events over the last 100 years." Winston-Salem Chronicle, 2013, wschronicle.com/looking-back. Accessed 15 July 2025.

  • Yearbooks

    The Maroon and Gold, Atkins High School, 1952

    The Maroon and Gold, Atkins High School, 1954

    The Maroon and Gold, Atkins High School, 1958

    The Yellow Jacket, Carver Consolidated School, 1962

    The Golden Outlook, Paisley High School, 1966

    The 1967 Bulldog, Anderson High School, 1967

    The 1970 Bulldog, Anderson High School, 1970

    The Scroll, Kate Bitting Reynolds Memorial Hospital School of Nursing, 1949

    The Scroll, Kate Bitting Reynolds Memorial Hospital School of Nursing, 1953

    The Scroll, Kate Bitting Reynolds Memorial Hospital School of Nursing, 1965

    The Scroll, Kate Bitting Reynolds Memorial Hospital School of Nursing, 1966

    The Scroll, Kate Bitting Reynolds Memorial Hospital School of Nursing, 1969