Project reference materials
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Books
A History of the Education of Negroes in North Carolina, Hugh Victor Brown
African Americans in Winston-Salem and Forsyth County: A Pictorial History, Lenwood G. Davis, William J. Rice, James H. McLaughlin
African American Firsts: Winston-Salem/Forsyth County North Carolina, Chenita B. Johnson
African American Hospitals in North Carolina: 39 Institutional Histories, 1880-1967, Phoebe Ann Pollitt
America’s Historically Black Colleges & Universities: A Narrative History, 1837–2009, Bobby L. Lovett
Black Bourgeoisie, E. Franklin Frazier
Black Americans in North Carolina and the South, Jeffrey J. Crow and Flora J. Hatley, editors
Civil Rights Unionism: Tobacco Workers and the Struggle for Democracy in the Mid-Twentieth-Century South, Robert R. Korstad
Dirty Little Secrets About Black History: Its Heroes & Other Troublemakers, Claud Anderson
Five North Carolina Negro Educators, N.C. Newbold
From Slavery to Freedom, John Hope Franklin
Greater than Equal: African American Struggles for Schools and Citizenship in North Carolina, 1919-1965, Sarah Caroline Thuesen
History of the American Teachers Association, Thelma D. Perry
Hope and Dignity: Older Black Women of the South, Emily Herring Wilson and Susan Mullally
Hope and History: Why We Must Share the Story of the Movement, Vincent Harding
Jim Crow’s Pink Slip, Leslie T. Fenwick
Lay Bare the Heart: An Autobiography of the Civil Rights Movement, James Farmer
Law and Society in the South: A History of North Carolina Court Cases, John W. Wertheimer
Our History Has Always Been Contraband: In Defense of Black Studies, Edited by Colin Kaepernick, Robin D. G. Kelley, and Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor
Profiles of Negro Womanhood, Sylvia G. L Dannett
Remembering Medgar Evers: Writing the Long Civil Rights Movement, Minrose Gwin
The Education of Blacks in the South, 1860-1935, James D. Anderson
The Life of Madie Hall Xuma, Wanda A. Hendricks
The Power to Heal: Civil Rights, Medicare, and the Struggle to Transform America's Health Care System, David Burton Smith
The Rage of a Privileged Class, Ellis Cose
They Call Me Big House, Clarence E. Gaines
Threatening Property: Race, Class, and Campaigns to Legislate Jim Crow Neighborhoods, Elizabeth A. Herbin-Triant
Wake Up America: Black Women on the Future of Democracy, Keisha N Blain
Walking in Light, Living in Love, Dothula Baron
William Samuel Scales: African American in a Segregated Town, Linda Scales Dark
Winston-Salem's African American Legacy, Cheryl Streeter Harry
Winston-Salem Memories II: A Pictorial History of the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s, Winston-Salem Journal
Winston-Salem State University, Carter B. Cue and Lenwood G. Davis
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Interviews
Corrine Chappell Gibson in conversation with Michael S. Williams, July 2024, Hawthorne Inn and Conference Center.
Jacqueline Noble Howell in conversation with Michael S. Williams, July 2024, Hawthorne Inn and Conference Center.
Gloria H. Millner in conversation with Michael S. Williams, July 2024, Hawthorne Inn and Conference Center.
Ann Shirley Moore in conversation with Michael S. Williams, July 2024, Hawthorne Inn and Conference Center.
Gladys E. Murray in conversation with Michael S. Williams, July 2024, Hawthorne Inn and Conference Center.
Betty Craig Dial in conversation with Michael S. Williams, August 2024, Zoom.
Dorothy Sizemore Lipscomb in conversation with Michael S. Williams, August 2024, Zoom.
Marie Howard in conversation with Michael S. Williams, August 2024, Zoom.
Dr. Betty Acey Alexander in conversation with Michael S. Williams, October 2024, Malloy/Jordan East Winston Heritage Center.
Jacqueline Noble Howell in conversation with Michael S. Williams, October 2024, Malloy/Jordan East Winston Heritage Center.
Hilda Bullock Jolly in conversation with Michael S. Williams, October 2024, Malloy/Jordan East Winston Heritage Center.
Phyllis Little in conversation with Michael S. Williams, October 2024, Malloy/Jordan East Winston Heritage Center.
Gloria H. Millner in conversation with Michael S. Williams, October 2024, Malloy/Jordan East Winston Heritage Center.
Joyce Williams Paul in conversation with Michael S. Williams, October 2024, Malloy/Jordan East Winston Heritage Center.
Arthur Dark in conversation with Michael S. Williams, November 2024, Winston-Salem African American Archive at MUSE Winston-Salem.
Wayne Ledbetter in conversation with Michael S. Williams, November 2024, Winston-Salem African American Archive at MUSE Winston-Salem.
Norman Williams in conversation with Michael S. Williams, November 2024, Winston-Salem African American Archive at MUSE Winston-Salem.
Dothula Baron in conversation with Michael S. Williams, December 2024, Winston-Salem African American Archive at MUSE Winston-Salem.
Linda Scales Dark in conversation with Michael S. Williams, December 2024, Winston-Salem African American Archive at MUSE Winston-Salem.
Brenda Sloan in conversation with Michael S. Williams, December 2024, Winston-Salem African American Archive at MUSE Winston-Salem.
Dr. Betty Acey Alexander in conversation with Michael S. Williams, March 2025, Malloy/Jordan East Winston Heritage Center.
Jacqueline Noble Howell in conversation with Michael S. Williams, March 2025, Malloy/Jordan East Winston Heritage Center.
Hilda Bullock Jolly in conversation with Michael S. Williams, March 2025, Malloy/Jordan East Winston Heritage Center.
Phyllis Little in conversation with Michael S. Williams, March 2025, Malloy/Jordan East Winston Heritage Center.
Gloria H.Millner in conversation with Michael S. Williams, March 2025, Malloy/Jordan East Winston Heritage Center.
Joyce Williams Paul in conversation with Michael S. Williams, March 2025, Malloy/Jordan East Winston Heritage Center.
Dothula Baron in conversation with Michael S. Williams, April 2025, Malloy/Jordan East Winston Heritage Center.
Arthur Dark in conversation with Michael S. Williams, April 2025, Malloy/Jordan East Winston Heritage Center.
James E. Gist in conversation with Michael S. Williams, April 2025, Malloy/Jordan East Winston Heritage Center.
Elwillie B. Jarrett in conversation with Michael S. Williams, April 2025, Malloy/Jordan East Winston Heritage Center.
Wayne Ledbetter in conversation with Michael S. Williams, April 2025, Malloy/Jordan East Winston Heritage Center.
Norman Williams in conversation with Michael S. Williams, April 2025, Malloy/Jordan East Winston Heritage Center.
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Journals
Grimes, Jr. William, T. "The History of Kate Bitting Reynolds Memorial Hospital." Journal of the National Medical Association, vol. 64 No. 4, 1972 pp. 376-381.
Paletz, David, L. and Robert Dunn. "Press Coverage of Civil Disorders: A Case Study of Winston-Salem." The Public Opinion Quarterly, vol. 33, no. 3, 1969, pp. 328-345.
Prichard, Dr. Robert, W. "Winston-Salem's Black Hospitals Prior to 1930." Journal of the National Medical Association, vol. 68, No. 3, 1976 pp. 246-249.
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Magazines
"Dixie Bus Company At A Crossroads," Ebony Magazine, December 1965, pp. 70-74
Du Bois, W.E.B. "The Negro Common School in North Carolina," The Crisis, May 1927, pp. 78-80, 96-97
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Newspapers
"To The Colored People," The Journal, Tue, November 1, 1898
"Teachers' College And It's Part In Negro Education," Twin City Sentinel, May 4, 1935
"Reynolds Resumes Work as Strikers Begin Returning," Winston-Salem Journal, June 23, 1943
Negro Citizens of Winston-Salem advertisement. Winston-Salem Journal and Sentinel, Nov 14, 1943, p 28.
United Tobacco Workers, Local 22 advertisement. Winston-Salem Journal and Sentinel, Aug 18, 1946, p 3.
"R.J. Reynolds Strike Is Called Most Important Southern Fight," Winston-Salem Journal, May 5, 1947
"Negro Medical Care Problem Can Be Solved," Journal and Sentinel, February 16, 1958
"Sit-Down Strike Spreads To Twin City and Durham," Winston-Salem Journal, February 9, 1960
"The Lunch Counters," Winston-Salem Journal, Friday, May 27, 1960
"City Receives All-America Award," Winston-Salem Journal, February 26, 1960
"Safe Bus Co. Accepts Challenge of Serving White Areas," Twin City Sentinel, May 28, 1969
"Winston-Salem Brickmaker To Take Skills Overseas," Journal and Sentinel, January 24, 1971
"The Shame That Winston Tucked Away," The Sentinel, January 24, 1980
"It Ain't No Time for Makin' Bricks Now ... I've Got Bricks Scattered All Over the World," The Sentinel, October 10, 1980
"Former 'Katie B.' hospital staffers get together for first reunion," Winston-Salem Chronicle, July 26, 1984
"Safe Bus Company: City Transit Authority to Remember Its Roots in a Unique Black Enterprise," Winston-Salem Journal, May 3, 1986
"Memories will abound at 'Katie B.' reunion," Winston-Salem Chronicle, July 23, 1987
"Old Katie B. Hospital staff reviews its impact," Winston-Salem Chronicle, August 2, 1990
"Black businesses: The way we were in East Winston," Winston-Salem Chronicle, March 7, 1991
"One Man's Protest," Winston-Salem Journal, February 23, 1992
"S.G. Atkins: Ahead of his time," Winston-Salem Chronicle, September 24, 1992
"Hospitals, health centers and history," Winston-Salem Journal, April 27, 1997
"Building Blocks," Winston-Salem Journal, July, 11, 1997
"Justice: Simple act of defiance shifts history," Winston-Salem Journal, June 17, 2001
"A Place of Honor: Monument to George Henry Black, famed brickmaker, is unveiled at Forsyth center," Winston-Salem Journal, December 5, 2003
"A Belated Tribute: Library will get a new name in honor of doctors who gave land," Winston-Salem Journal, January 5, 2004
"Strike: When workers broke Camel City," Greensboro News & Record, March 1, 2009
"Four trailblazing doctors whose legacy of service lives on," Winston-Salem Chronicle, February 27, 2015
"Sit-in activist Matthews dies at 84," Winston-Salem Journal, February 28, 2016
"'He was the faithful one,'" Winston-Salem Journal, March 1, 2016
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Other
Lunch-Counter Desegregation in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, Clarence H. Patrick, July, 1960, Z. Smith Reynolds Library Special Collections and Archives, Wake Forest University
Making History: February 23, 1960, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, G. McLeod Bryan, February, 2000, Z. Smith Reynolds Library Special Collections and Archives, Wake Forest University
The Safe Bus Company of Winston-Salem, North Carolina: 1926-1972, Charles Weldon Wadelington, Minority Interpretations Specialist, North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources Historic Sites Section, August, 1999
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Websites
"Present Absence." Center for Design Innovation, 2021, cdiwsnc.org/project/presentabsence/. Accessed 3 April 2024.
"Remembering St. Philip A look at the all-black, all female school of nursing and its role in VCU's history." Virginia Commonwealth University, 2019, vcu.exposure.co/remembering-st-philip. Accessed 3 April 2024.
"Residents point to significant local black history events over the last 100 years." Winston-Salem Chronicle, 2013, wschronicle.com/looking-back. Accessed 15 July 2025.
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Yearbooks
The Maroon and Gold, Atkins High School, 1952
The Maroon and Gold, Atkins High School, 1954
The Maroon and Gold, Atkins High School, 1958
The Yellow Jacket, Carver Consolidated School, 1962
The Golden Outlook, Paisley High School, 1966
The 1967 Bulldog, Anderson High School, 1967
The 1970 Bulldog, Anderson High School, 1970
The Scroll, Kate Bitting Reynolds Memorial Hospital School of Nursing, 1949
The Scroll, Kate Bitting Reynolds Memorial Hospital School of Nursing, 1953
The Scroll, Kate Bitting Reynolds Memorial Hospital School of Nursing, 1965
The Scroll, Kate Bitting Reynolds Memorial Hospital School of Nursing, 1966
The Scroll, Kate Bitting Reynolds Memorial Hospital School of Nursing, 1969